In this manuscript, replacing traditional antennas with biodegradable PLA substrates aims to reduce e-waste in today's technologically advanced age. This work achieves its objectives by designing the miniaturized (56 x 56 x 1.6) mm3 hexagonal patch antenna with partial ground (18.2 x 52) mm2 and incorporating complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) in the HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator). This innovative approach combines unconventional antenna design with metamaterial technology to enhance antenna performance, making it flexible, lightweight, and suitable for multi-band applications. An evaluation of PLA compared to other substrates revealed that PLA is more suitable for its eco-friendliness, and the simulation result is also satisfactory for bandwidth, return loss, VSWR, directivity, efficiency, and other parameters. Additionally, the integration of taffeta fabric as a conductive patch material provided elasticity and enhanced wearability. Using this unique method, the proposed antenna resonates at multiband frequencies of 2.6 GHz, 8.6 GHz, 10.5 GHz, 12.4 GHz, and 15.3 GHz, which gives return losses of -26.84 dB, -22.16 dB, -29.87 dB, -39.43 dB, and -26.35 dB, respectively. In addition to its biocompatibility and achievement of the SAR threshold, the antenna serves as a long-term solution for multi-band wireless applications. This further advances the realm of environmentally friendly wearable technology.

In this article, we designed a novel monolithic integrated optical transceiver based on the ring resonator structure on semi-insulating In P substrate at 1.55 mm wavelength. To separate the incoming continuous (l2) and modulated (l1) optical waves from the network, an optical ring resonator is utilized. The ring resonator has the p-i-n layer stack that also detects the incoming modulated optical wave (l1). The continuous optical wave (l2) is guided to the ring-resonator based modulator where it is modulated and finally directed toward a pair of ring resonator to reflected back to the network. Channel spacing between l1 and l2 is 200 GHz (1.6 nm) at wavelength ranges of 1520 to 1570 nm. This transceiver can illustrate a 40 GHz bandwidth.

The article introduces a novel antenna design aimed at addressing the demands of communication technologies. The antenna configuration involves a circular patch coupled with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and incorporates circular split-ring resonators (SRR) on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The use of PDMS, a flexible and durable material, enhances the antenna's mechanical properties and allows for versatility in various environments. The designed antenna has an overall area of 50x40mm2. The innovative design exhibits resonances at distinct frequencies, specifically 3.3 GHz, 9.7 GHz, and 10.5 GHz, with a return loss of -61.86dB, -31.72dB, -51.81dB, and VSWR of 0.01, 0.5, 0.2 catering to the requirements of wireless communications, radar systems, and satellite applications, respectively. The requirement of the high-end communication module is satisfied by the array configuration resulting in improved directivity and gain. The array module of 2x2 and 4x4 is simulated and analyzed. The choice of the array is selected based on the end application. The requirement of the high-end communication module is satisfied by the array configuration resulting in improved directivity and gain. The array module of 2x2 and 4x4 is simulated and analyzed. The choice of the array is selected based on the end application.

A four port network adder-subtractor module, for surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves based on a ring resonator filter is proposed. The functionality of module is achieved by the phase difference manipulation of guided SPPs through different arms connected to the ring resonator. The module is designed using the concepts of a basic two port device proposed in this paper. It is shown that two port network eliminates odd, and transmits even SPP modes of a single source. Moreover, in the case of four-port adder (with two individual sources), it is elucidated that according to the location of each output port, one can achieve the consequent added or subtracted outputs, correspondingly. Two distinct peaks are observed in the transmission spectrum of adder and subtractor outputs, where increasing the individual source phase difference, leads to a red shift in the adder output, and a blue shift in the subtractor output peaks. The proposed module can be used as the building block for implementing arithmetic operations in plasmonic integrated circuits. The transmission line theory verifies the numerical simulation results, and demonstrates the functionality of the adder/subtractor module.

One of the applications of meta-materials is radiation attribute optimization in micro-strip antennas. In this research, a 7´7 cellular array of rectangular split ring resonator (SRR) structures is considered. The structural parameters of the resultant meta-material including permeability (m) and permittivity (e) are extracted by using Nicolson- Rose method. A patch antenna is designed in 5.8 GHz frequency so that the meta-material array is used as superstrate. The results obtained from simulations done by CST software without the superstrate and the presence of it are presented. Consequently, aforementioned simulation results show that gain and bandwidth of the proposed antenna are improved by 114% and 116%, respectively. The meta-material and constructed antenna, the antenna's radiation pattern and return loss are operationally measured with and without the presence of a superstrate. Subsequently, the measurement results are properly compatible with simulations results; however, due to lack of standard SMA connectors that exist on the market, and also losses from wires and probes and also losses resulting from the measurement device, there are some differences between simulation results and the measurement (resonance frequency and return loss amplitude).

In this paper, a novel structure of diplexer is designed based on Substrate Integrated Wave guide (SIW) technology and S-shaped complementary split ring resonator to operate in LTE1. 3 GHz-2. 1 GHz band. A miniaturized and compact SIW diplexer implemented by Crisped S-shaped Complementary split ring operated in a waveguide format is proposed and presented. In design process, firstly, the filters corresponding to each of the bands is designed in simulator, then by using S-parameter of each filter the T-shaped structure dimensions of the input feeding diplexer is achieved and optimized. It is deduced from measurement results of diplexer that input and output impedance matching in the respective bands, transmission losses are1dB and 2dB for 1. 3 GHz and 2. 1 GHz respectively. The isolation between output ports is better than 30dB. Finally the proposed structure reflects the performance is highly desirable. This structure illustrates advantages in terms of the small size, low loss, high isolation, easy realization and integration with other planar circuits.

In this paper, a three ringresonator serially coupled is considered as an optical filter. We are going to improve the performance of the designed optical filter by increasing the quality factor and finesse of filtered wavelengths. The first and last rings are coupled to the bus waveguides that carry the input and output fields. The effect of coupling parameters and ring radii on the filtering of operating wavelengths which are between 1545-1550 nm with narrow Free Spectral Range (FSR) less than 0. 5 nm is investigated. Using the transfer matrix method, all the rotating and output fields are obtained. FSR, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and Finesse (F) are evaluated by the wavelength response plots of the output ports obtained in Wolfram Mathematica. The behavior of structure is analyzed by a new approach in order to filter the resonant wavelengths of the transmission channel with higher finesse.

In this paper, the structure of a plasmonic waveguide nanofilter based on monolayer MoS2 ring resonator is proposed and investigated. The structure performance is for a part of terahertz frequencies. Due to the low absorption and reflection of monolayer MoS2, considerable wave transmission and as a result, transparency, is provided. Filtering response caused by the proposed waveguide filter is resulted by the resonator which makes possible the coupling of the input and output nanoribbon waveguides. The structure operation has been simulated using the numerical method of finite difference time domain. The values of coupling efficiency, bandwidth at half of maximum, and quality factor, in operating wavelength of 1255 μm are respectively 0.78, 162 μm, and 7.7. The operating wavelength complies with the second resonance mode of the resonator. Also, the sensitivity of various structural indices in respect to manufacturing telorance is investigated. The proposed structure can have exnetsive application as a transparent electrode in photonic integrated circuits.

In this paper we combined an optical mixer via photonic crystal ring resonator to propose an all optical 1 to 2 decoder. The main idea used in this paper is based on controlling the optical behavior of the resonant ring via optical power intensity. We know that resonant wavelength of the photonic crystal ring resonator is very sensitive upon the refractive index of dielectric rods, on the other had the refractive index of dielectric materials depend on the optical power intensity. Therefore we can change the resonant wavelength of the resonator by increasing the optical power intensity up to adequate amount. The final structure has two output ports whose working states can be controlled by one input port. When I is OFF, the O1 port will turn ON and O2 is OFF, when I is ON, O1 turns OFF and O2 turns ON. The proposed structure works completely in optical domain without any electronics.

Abstract Here, several ring resonator nanostructure for biosensors are proposed. To evaluate the results, finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is applied. Also, several main parameters including transmission spectrum is analyzed to obtain of sensitivity and figure of merit. As the technology goes on, using sensors and biosensors are more attracted by many researchers in various fields such as medicine. Biosensors are devices, in them biological elements and analytes have interacted and the reaction between them is measured then would be expressed as understandably in output. Biosensors have various components such as analyte, bioreceptor, transformer, electronics and display and are in different groups based on their mechanisms. Biosensors could be used to detect and diagnose bacteria, viruses, and early detect of breast cancer. Various methods such as X-ray mammography, ultrasound scan, DBT, ultrasonography of breast, and so on have been provided, but they have some disadvantages. In the biosensors field, various methods are introduced for early detection of breast cancer. In this study some researches and experienced have been investigated.